Yondelis 1 mg, Powder for concentrate for solution for infusion
Clinical Summary
Quick overview from the medicine insert
Indication
Treatment of advanced liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and relapsed ovarian cancer.
Dosage (summary)
1.5 mg/mu00b2 IV infusion over 24 hours for liposarcoma/leiomyosarcoma; 1.1 mg/mu00b2 IV after PLD for ovarian cancer.
Special Populations
- Hepatic impairment
- Renal impairment
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding; effective contraception required.
Key Drug Interactions
- CYP3A4 inhibitors
- Aprepitant
- Fluconazole
Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Breastfeeding
- Severe renal impairment
- Hypersensitivity
- Active serious infection
Common side effects
- Neutropenia
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Thrombocytopenia
Counselling Points
- Premedicate with corticosteroids
- Monitor for signs of infection
- Avoid alcohol
- Report pregnancy immediately
Serious warnings
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Cardiac dysfunction
- Myelosuppression
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Clinical Particulars
Section 4 of the official insert — extracted exactly as issued, no alterations
4.1 Therapeutic indications
u2022 YONDELIS is indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, after failure of anthracyclines or ifosfamide, or who are unsuited to receive these medicines.
u2022 YONDELIS in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride (PLD) is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed ovarian cancer who have platinum-sensitive disease and may not be suitable for platinum-based chemotherapy.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology YONDELIS must be administered under the supervision of a medical practitioner experienced in the use of chemotherapy. Its use should be confined to personnel specialised in the administration of cytotoxic medicines.
For the treatment of liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, the recommended starting dose is 1,5 mg/m2 body surface area, administered as an intravenous infusion over 24 hours with a three-week interval between cycles.
For the treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer, YONDELIS is used in combination with PLD every three weeks. YONDELIS is administered at a dose of 1,1 mg/m2 as a 3-hour intravenous infusion after PLD 30 mg/m2, as a 90-minute intravenous infusion. For PLD dosage administration instructions, see local companyu2019s professional information insert.
Administration through a central venous line is strongly recommended (see section 4.4 and section 6.6). Incompatibilities YONDELIS must not be mixed or diluted with medicinal products except those mentioned in section 6.6 and section 6.2. All patients must be premedicated with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone 20 mg IV, 30 minutes before each YONDELIS infusion; not only as anti-emetic prophylaxis, but also because it appears to provide hepatoprotective effects. Additional anti-emetics may be administered as needed.
The following criteria are required to allow treatment with YONDELIS:
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) u2265 1 500/mm3,
- Platelet count u2265 100 000/mm3,
- Haemoglobin u2265 9 g/dL,
- Bilirubin u2264 upper limit of normal (ULN),
- Alkaline phosphatase of non-osseous origin u2264 2,5 x ULN (consider hepatic isoenzymes 5-nucleotidase or GGT, to distinguish if the elevation could be osseous in origin),
- Albumin u2265 25 g/L,
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) u2264 2,5 x ULN,
- Creatinine clearance u2265 30 mL/min: - Combination therapy for ovarian cancer: serum creatinine u2264 1,5 mg/dL (u2264 132,6 u03bcmol/L or creatinine clearance u2265 60 mL/min,
- Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) u2264 2,5 x ULN.
The same criteria as above must be met prior to initiation of next cycles. Otherwise treatment must be delayed for up to 3 weeks until the criteria are met. If these toxicities persist beyond 3 weeks, treatment discontinuation should be considered. Additional monitoring of haematological and biochemical parameters [alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, CPK, and aminotransferases (AST and ALT)] should occur weekly during the first two cycles of therapy, and at least once between treatments in subsequent cycles. The same dose should be given for all cycles provided that no Grade 3-4 toxicities are seen, and that the patient fulfils the re-treatment criteria.
Dose adjustments during treatment Prior to re-treatment, patients must fulfill the baseline criteria defined above. If any of the following events occur at any time between cycles, the YONDELIS dose must be reduced to 1,2 mg/m2 in subsequent cycles in monotherapy and reduced to 0,9 mg/m2 in combination therapy.
- Neutropenia < 500/mm3 lasting for more than 5 days or neutropenia associated with fever or infection.
- Thrombocytopenia < 25 000/mm3.
- Increase of bilirubin > ULN.
- Alkaline phosphatase of non-osseous origin > 2,5 x ULN.
- Increase of aminotransferases (AST or ALT) > 2,5 x ULN which has not recovered by day 21; combination therapy for ovarian cancer AST or ALT > 5 x ULN which has not recovered by day 21. The PLD dose should also be reduced to 25 mg/m2.
- Any other Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions (such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue).
Once a dose has been reduced because of toxicity, dose escalation in the subsequent cycles is not recommended. If any of these toxicities reappear in subsequent cycles in a patient exhibiting clinical benefit, the YONDELIS dose may be further reduced to 1 mg/m2 for YONDELIS monotherapy or 0,75 mg/m2 when YONDELIS is used in combination therapy with PLD. In the event that further dose reductions are necessary, treatment discontinuation should be considered. Colony stimulating factors can be administered for hematologic toxicity in subsequent cycles according to local standard practice. For additional PLD dosage adjustments, see local companyu2019s professional information insert. For instructions on reconstitution and dilution of the medicinal product before administration, see section 6.6.
Special Patient Populations Paediatric patients As no efficacy was observed, YONDELIS should not be used in paediatric patients with paediatric sarcomas. Elderly patients Dose adjustments based on age are not recommended. Patients with impaired hepatic function YONDELIS exposure is increased in patients with hepatic impairment. Patients with elevated serum bilirubin levels at baseline must not be dosed with YONDELIS. Liver function tests should be monitored during treatment with YONDELIS as dose adjustments may be indicated (see section 4.4). Patients with impaired renal function Studies including patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; combination therapy for ovarian cancer < 60 mL/min) have not been conducted and therefore YONDELIS must not be used in these patient populations (see section 4.4). The pharmacokinetics of YONDELIS are not expected to be impacted by mild or moderate renal impairment (see section 5. Pharmacokinetic Properties).
Method of administration Intravenous infusion. Administration through a central venous line is strongly recommended (see section 4.4 and section 6.6.). Advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma: Intravenous infusion over 24 hours with a three-week interval between cycles. Relapsed ovarian cancer: Intravenous infusion over 3 hours after PLD 30 mg/m2 as a 90-minute intravenous infusion. For PLD dosage administration instructions, see local manufacturersu2019 prescribing information.
4.3 Contraindications
YONDELIS should not be administered to pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers (see section 4.6). YONDELIS should not be administered to patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components. YONDELIS should not be administered to patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) as a single medicine, nor should it be used in combination with PLD in patients with creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min. YONDELIS should not be administered to patients with an active serious or uncontrolled infection. YONDELIS should not be administered to patients with elevated bilirubin levels at the time of therapy initiation (see section 4.4). YONDELIS should not be administered concomitantly with yellow fever vaccine (see section 4.4.)
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Hepatic impairment Patients must meet specific criteria on hepatic function parameters to start treatment with YONDELIS. Since systemic exposure to YONDELIS may be increased due to hepatic impairment and therefore the risk of hepatotoxicity is increased, patients with clinically relevant liver diseases, should be closely monitored and the dose adjusted if needed. Patients with elevated bilirubin at the time of initiation of cycle must not be treated with YONDELIS (see section 4.2).
Renal impairment Creatinine clearance must be monitored prior to and during treatment. YONDELIS as a single agent must not be used in patients with creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min or in patients treated in combination with PLD with creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min (see section 4.2).
Myelosuppression Grade 3-4 haematologic laboratory abnormalities (neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia) were reported in clinical studies of patients treated with YONDELIS. Among patients with ovarian cancer with Grade 3-4 decreased neutrophil counts, neutrophil count nadir occurred at a median of 15 days and recovered within a week. A full blood cell count including differential and platelet count must be performed at baseline, weekly for the first two cycles and then once between cycles (see section 4.2). YONDELIS should not be administered to patients with baseline neutrophil counts of less than 1500/mm3, platelets count of less than 100000/mm3 or haemoglobin < 9 g/dL. If neutropenia (ANC < 500/mm3) lasting more than 5 days or neutropenia associated with fever or infection, or thrombocytopenia (platelet counts < 25000/mm3) occur, dose reduction is recommended (see section 4.2). Supportive care/colony stimulating factors should be administered if needed according to institutional guidelines.
Nausea and vomiting Grade 3 or 4 vomiting and nausea were reported. All patients must be premedicated with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone. Additional anti-emetics may be administered as needed (see section 4.2).
Rhabdomyolysis and severe CPK elevations (> 5 x ULN) In patients treated for liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma, CPK elevations (Grade 3-4) in association with renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, and other muscle-related toxicities such as myositis, muscle weakness or muscle pain were observed; patients had fatal outcomes; due to rhabdomyolysis and due to renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis has been reported and severe CPK elevations were observed in patients treated with YONDELIS in combination with PLD usually in association with myelotoxicity, severe liver function test abnormalities or renal failure. Therefore, CPK should be closely monitored with strict adherence to treatment guidelines during the treatment phase and prior to re-treatment. YONDELIS must not be used in patients with CPK > 2,5 u00d7 ULN (see section 4.2). If rhabdomyolysis occurs, supportive measures such as parenteral hydration, urine alkalinisation and dialysis should be promptly established, as indicated. Treatment with YONDELIS should be discontinued until the patient fully recovers. Caution should be taken if medicinal products associated with rhabdomyolysis (e.g. statins), are administered concomitantly with YONDELIS, since the risk of rhabdomyolysis may be increased.
Liver Function Test (LFT) abnormalities Reversible acute increases in AST and ALT have been reported in patients treated with YONDELIS monotherapy or in combination with PLD. Grade 3 or 4 transaminase elevations occurred very commonly. The median time to the occurrence of ALT or AST increase to Grade 3 or 4 levels was 8 days. Elevated levels decreased to below Grade 3 or 4 in about 8 days. Transaminase elevations were non-cumulative and decreased in magnitude and incidence with each subsequent cycle. Patients with increases in AST, ALT or alkaline phosphatase between cycles may necessitate dose reduction (see section 4.2). YONDELIS must not be used in patients with elevated bilirubin at the time of initiation of cycle.
Cardiac dysfunction In a Phase 3 clinical study of patients treated for liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received prior anthracyclines, cardiac dysfunction occurred in patients receiving YONDELIS. Patients with LVEF 300 mg/m2, or a history of cardiovascular disease may be at increased risk of cardiac dysfunction. Conduct a thorough cardiac assessment including determination of LVEF by echocardiogram or MUGA scan before initiation of YONDELIS and at 2 to 3-month intervals thereafter until YONDELIS is discontinued. Patients should be monitored for cardiac-related adverse events or myocardial dysfunction, particularly patients who have a higher risk of cardiomyopathy due to prior anthracycline exposure, the presence of symptoms of decreasing cardiac function, history of cardiovascular disease or advanced age (u2265 65 years). For patients with Grade 3 or 4 cardiac adverse events indicative of cardiomyopathy or for patients with a LVEF that decreases below the LLN (assessed as either an absolute decrease of LVEF of u2265 15 % or < LLN with an absolute decrease of u2265 5 %), YONDELIS should be discontinued.
Injection site reactions The use of central venous access is strongly recommended (see section 4.2). Patients may develop a potentially severe injection site reaction when YONDELIS is administered through a peripheral venous line. There have been reported cases of YONDELIS extravasation, with subsequent tissue necrosis requiring debridement. There is no specific antidote for extravasation of YONDELIS. Extravasation should be managed by standard practice.
Medicine interactions Close monitoring of toxicities is required in patients receiving trabectedin in combination with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors and such combinations should be avoided if possible. In addition, aprepitant and systemic fluconazole should be used with caution during YONDELIS treatment. Appropriate dose adjustments should be applied in the event of toxicities (see section 4.2).
Caution should be taken if medicinal products associated with hepatotoxicity are administered concomitantly with YONDELIS, since the risk of hepatotoxicity may be increased. The concomitant use of YONDELIS with alcohol must be avoided.
Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) Cases of CLS have been reported with YONDELIS including some cases with a fatal outcome. If symptoms of possible CLS develop, such as unexplained oedema with or without hypotension, reassess albumin level. A rapid decline in albumin level may be indicative of CLS. If a diagnosis of CLS is confirmed after exclusion of other causes, discontinue YONDELIS and promptly initiate CLS treatment according to institutional guidelines. (see section 4.2).
Allergic Reactions During postmarketing experience, rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions, with very rare occurrence of fatal outcome, have been reported in association with YONDELIS administration either alone or in combination with PLD (see section 4.3 and section 4.8).
Men and women of childbearing potential Women of childbearing potential must use highly effective contraception during treatment and 8 months thereafter. Men who are fertile must use highly effective contraception during treatment and 5 months after treatment (see section 4.6). Immediately inform the treating physician if a pregnancy occurs.
PLD special warnings and special precautions for use See PLD manufactureru2019s prescribing information for special warnings and precautions regarding PLD.
Sucrose content YONDELIS contains sucrose. Patients with rare hereditary conditions such as fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrose-isomaltase insufficiency should not take YONDELIS. Contains sucrose which may have an effect on the glycaemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus.
4.5 Interactions with other medicines
Effects of other substances on YONDELIS A population analysis based on sparse-sampling data from a Phase 3 study demonstrated that the plasma clearance of YONDELIS was decreased by approximately 31 % in 86 patients who were co-administered PLD 30 mg/m2 compared to 745 patients enrolled in 14 studies who received YONDELIS alone. Data from a separate Phase I study, in which full pharmacokinetic profiles for trabectedin were obtained for 16 patients who received YONDELIS 0,9 to 1,3 mg/m2 in combination with PLD 30 mg/m2, indicated a comparable (i.e. a mean difference of 16 %) plasma clearance of trabectedin as for the same doses of YONDELIS given as a single medicine.
Since YONDELIS is metabolised mainly by CYP3A4 close monitoring of toxicities is required in patients receiving trabectedin in combination with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. oral ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, boceprevir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, nefazodone, conivaptan) and such combinations should be avoided if possible. In addition, aprepitant and systemic fluconazole should be used with caution during YONDELIS treatment. Appropriate dose adjustments should be applied in the event of toxicities (see section 4.2).
The concomitant use of trabectedin with strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenobarbital, Saint Johnu2019s Wort) should be avoided if possible. Results from the population pharmacokinetic analyses (n = 831 subjects) indicated that the plasma clearance of YONDELIS was 19 % higher in patients who received any concomitant dexamethasone administration relative to those who did not.
In vitro preclinical studies have shown trabectedin is a substrate of multiple efflux transporters including P-gp, MRP2 and potentially MRP3 and MRP4, but not BCRP. Concomitant administration of inhibitors of P-gp, e.g. cyclosporine and verapamil, may alter YONDELIS distribution. The clinical relevance of this interaction, e.g. for CNS toxicity, has not been established and caution should be exercised when concomitantly administering YONDELIS with inhibitors of P-gp.
Impact of trabectedin on co-administered medicines In vitro YONDELIS does not induce or inhibit major cytochrome P450 enzymes. A population analysis based on sparse-sampling data from a Phase 3 study demonstrated that the plasma pharmacokinetics of PLD 30 mg/m2 are similar when coadministered with YONDELIS 1,1 mg/m2 (86 patients) and when given alone (80 patients). Concomitant use of trabectedin, as contained in YONDELIS, with phenytoin may reduce phenytoin absorption leading to an exacerbation of convulsions. Combination of YONDELIS with phenytoin or live attenuated vaccines is not recommended and with yellow fever vaccine is specifically contraindicated (see section 4.3).
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy YONDELIS should not be used during pregnancy (see section 4.3). No sufficient clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. However, based on its known mechanism of action, YONDELIS may cause serious birth defects when administered during pregnancy. Trabectedin crossed the placenta when administered to pregnant rats.
Immediately inform the treating physician if a pregnancy occurs.
Women of childbearing potential Women of childbearing potential must use highly effective contraception during treatment and 8 months thereafter and immediately inform the treating doctor if a pregnancy occurs.
Use during lactation Breastfeeding is contraindicated during treatment and 3 months thereafter (see section 4.3). It is not known whether YONDELIS is excreted in human milk. The excretion of YONDELIS in milk has not been studied in animals.
Fertility Men who are fertile must use highly effective contraception during treatment and 5 months after treatment (see section 4.4). YONDELIS can have genotoxic effects. Advice on conservation of sperm should be sought prior to treatment because of the possibility of irreversible infertility due to therapy with YONDELIS. If pregnancy occurs during treatment genetic counseling should be considered. Genetic counseling is also recommended for patients wishing to have children after therapy.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
No studies on the effects of the ability to drive and to use machines have been performed. However, fatigue or asthenia has been reported in patients receiving YONDELIS. Patients who experience any of these events during therapy must not drive or operate machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of the safety profile Most patients treated with YONDELIS can be expected to have adverse reactions of any grade (91 % in monotherapy and 99.4 % in combination therapy) and less than one third serious adverse reactions of grade 3 or 4 severity (10 % in monotherapy and 25 % in combination therapy). The most common adverse reactions of any severity grade were neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, increase in AST/ALT, anaemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, anorexia and diarrhoea. Fatal adverse reactions have occurred in 1.9 % and 0.6 % of patients treated with the monotherapy and combination regimens respectively. They were often the result of a combination of events including pancytopenia, febrile neutropenia, some of them with sepsis, hepatic involvement, renal or multiorgan failure and rhabdomyolysis.
Monotherapy YONDELIS in monotherapy in advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma In Phase 2 and 3 studies in patients with advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma receiving YONDELIS at the recommended dose (N = 755), adverse reactions of Grade 3 or 4 severity were reported in 57 % of patients, with 14 % being classified as serious. The most common adverse reactions (u2265 20 %) of any severity grade were anaemia, increases in AST/ALT, leukopenia, neutropenia, nausea, fatigue, blood alkaline phosphatase increased, blood albumin decreased, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, blood creatinine increased, constipation, decreased appetite, blood creatine phosphokinase increased, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, headache, and pyrexia. Fatal adverse reactions have occurred in 2.3 % of patients. They were often the result of a combination of events including myelosuppression, febrile neutropenia, (some with sepsis), hepatic dysfunction, renal or multiorgan failure and rhabdomyolysis.
The table below displays the adverse reactions reported in u2265 1 % of patients according to the standard MedDRA system organ class. Both adverse reactions and laboratory values have been used to provide frequencies. Undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing frequency.
Adverse reactions are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: Very common (u2265 1/10); common (u2265 1/100, < 1/10); uncommon (u2265 1/1,000, < 1/100); rare (u2265 1/10,000, < 1/1,000); very rare (< 1/10,000):
Table 1- Adverse reactions reported in u2265 1% of patients with soft tissue sarcoma in clinical trials (Phase 2 and 3) assigned to the recommended regime [1,5 mg/m2, 24-hour infusion every 3 weeks (24 h q3wk)]
System Organ Class Adverse Reactions: All Grades (N = 755) Infections and Infestations Common Infection Pneumonia Catheter site infection Sepsis
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders Very Common Anaemia Leukopenia Neutropenia Thrombocytopenia Common Febrile neutropenia Lymphopaenia Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Very Common Decreased appetite Common Dehydration Psychiatric Disorders Common Insomnia Nervous System Disorders Very Common Headache Common Peripheral sensory neuropathy Dysgeusia Dizziness Paraesthesia Vascular Disorders Hypotension Flushing Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Very Common Dyspnoea Gastrointestinal disorders Very Common Nausea Vomiting Constipation Diarrhoea Abdominal pain Common Dyspepsia Stomatitis Upper abdominal pain Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Common Alopecia Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Very Common Back pain Common Arthralgia Myalgia General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Very Common Fatigue Pyrexia Peripheral oedema Common Asthenia Injection site reaction Oedema Investigations Very Common Alanine aminotransferase increased Aspartate aminotransferase increased Blood alkaline phosphatase increased Blood albumin decreased Blood creatinine increased Blood creatine phosphokinase increased Common Weight decreased Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased
Description of selected adverse reactions Blood and Lymphatic system disorders Neutropenia and Infection: In study ET743-SAR-3007 patients had selected infections of febrile neutropaenia, sepsis, or septic shock in the setting of neutropenia of any grade. In the YONDELIS arm, patients had fatal outcomes. Neutropenia followed a predictable pattern of rapid onset and reversibility and was rarely associated with fever or infection. Thrombocytopenia-bleeding: Bleeding events associated with decreases in platelet counts occurred in < 1 % of patients.
Hepatobiliary disorders AST/ALT increases: Transient Grade 3 and Grade 4 increases of AST and ALT were observed. The median time to reach the peak values was 5 days for both AST and ALT. Most of the values had decreased to Grade 1 or resolved by day 14-15 and less than 2 % of cycles had recovery times longer than 25 days. ALT and AST increases did not follow a cumulative pattern but showed a tendency towards less severe elevations over time. Hyperbilirubinaemia: Bilirubin peaks approximately a week after onset and resolves approximately two weeks after onset. Severe liver injury: In study ET743-SAR-3007, patients in the YONDELIS group had a Grade 3 event and Grade 4 events related to liver injury which were mainly laboratory abnormalities in liver function tests (LFT). Severe drug-induced liver injury (AST/ALT > 3 u00d7 ULN, total bilirubin u2265 2 u00d7 ULN, ALP < 2 u00d7 ULN prior to and including the day of first occurrence of total bilirubin elevation u2265 2 u00d7 ULN, and no alternative explanation) was rare. Manifestations of severe liver injury were uncommon with 1 % incidence of individual signs and symptoms including jaundice, hepatomegaly and liver pain. Mortality in the presence of hepatic injury occurred in less than 1 % of patients.
Rhabdomyolysis and CPK elevations: Rhabdomyolysis was fatal for 2 patients. Other adverse reactions Hepatic failure Rare cases of hepatic failure (including cases with fatal outcomes) have been reported in patients with serious underlying medical conditions treated with YONDELIS. Some potential risk factors that may have contributed to increased YONDELIS toxicity observed in these cases were dose management inconsistent with recommended guidelines, potential CYP3A4 interaction due to multiple competing CYP3A4 substrates or CYP3A4 inhibitors, or lack of dexamethasone prophylaxis.
Combination therapy YONDELIS in combination with PLD in advanced ovarian cancer The following safety profile of YONDELIS is based on the evaluation of two phase III clinical trials ET743-OVA-301 and ET743-OVC-3006 of 663 patients with advanced relapsed ovarian cancer who receive either PLD (30 mg/m2) followed by YONDELIS (1,1 mg/m2) every 3 weeks or PLD alone (50 mg/m2) every 4 weeks. The combination of YONDELIS with PLD was given to 333 patients in this trial. In the combination arm, the median number of cycles given was 6,0 cycles (range: 1 to 26) for a median of 19 weeks. In the PLD only arm, the median number of cycles given was 5,0 cycles (range: 1 to 22) for a median of 20 weeks. Most adverse reactions were managed with dose reductions or delays (see section 4.2). The most common adverse reactions, reported in u2265 20 % of patients treated with YONDELIS in combination with PLD were neutropenia, leukopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome, pyrexia, fatigue, alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, and blood alkaline phosphatase increased. The most common adverse reaction, reported leading to YONDELIS discontinuation were anaemia (1,1 %), neutropenia (0,8 %), fatigue (0,8%) and increased blood creatinine (0,8 %).
Fatal adverse reactions have occurred in 0,6 % of patients. The causes of death were pancytopaenia, neutropenic sepsis, sepsis, and acute renal failure. Adverse reactions reported among patients treated with YONDELIS in combination with PLD during clinical studies that occurred at a rate u2265 1 % are shown in Table 2 below. Adverse reactions are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: Very common (u2265 1/10); common (u2265 1/100, < 1/10); uncommon (u2265 1/1,000, < 1/100); rare (u2265 1/10,000, < 1/1,000) and very rare (< 1/10,000).
Table 2-Adverse reactions in u2265 1% of Patients with Ovarian Cancer in Phase 3 clinical trials treated With YONDELIS in Combination with PLD Adverse Reaction System Organ Class Preferred Term Frequency YONDELIS + PLD (n= 619) % Any (%) Grade 3 Grade 4 % of subjects with adverse reactions 99,4 % Infections and Infestations 12,9 Device related infection Common 2,1 0,8 Neutropenic infection 0,5 0,5 Neutropenic sepsis 0,6 0,3 0,3 Pneumonia 6 3,9 1,3 Sepsis 0,8 0,3 0,5 Septic shock 0,3 0,3 Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders 81,9 Neutropenia Very common 66,2 47,8 31,0 Leukopenia 35,9 23,7 6,0 Anaemia 48,6 17,1 1,9 Thrombocytopenia 30,9 14,5 8,1 Febrile neutropenia Common 8,1 5,8 3,1 Pancytopaenia 1,3 0,8 0,3 Lymphopenia 1,9 0,3 0,2
4.9 Overdose
There is limited data on the effects of YONDELIS overdose. The major anticipated toxicities are gastrointestinal, bone marrow suppression and hepatic toxicity. There is no specific antidote for YONDELIS currently available. In the event of an overdose, patients should be closely monitored, and symptomatic supportive care measures instituted as required.